Tracert - ping - TTL
Tracert
We can find the numbers of routers that are between us and the destination using tracert command. The result give us the IP addresses or the routers name.
The syntax for Windows system is:
tracert [-d][-h maximum hops][-j host_list][-w timeout] target_name
- target_name is the domain name or the IP address.
- -d Do not resolve addresses to hostname
- -h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target
- -j host-list Loose source route along host-list
- -w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply
Ping
Ping (Packet InterNet Groper) is a command used to verify if the data packages arrive to a destinations without errors.
The syntax for the Windows system is:
ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS][-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]][-w timeout] destination-list
- destination-list is the domain name or the IP address
- -t Pings the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break. To stop - type Control-C
- -a Resolve addresses to hostnames
- -n count Number of echo requests to send
- -l size Send buffer size
- -f Set Don’t Fragment flag in packet
- -i TTL Time To Live
- -v TOS Type Of Service
- -r count Record route for count hops
- -s count Timestamp for count hops
- -j host-list Loose source route along host-list
- -k host-list Strict source route along host-list
- -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply
TTL
TTL (Time To Live) is a 8 bytes field from the IP header and is contained by the 9th octets from 20. The TTL field is settled by that who is sending the datagram and it is decremented by every host which is in the way to the destination. If this field has the value 0, before the datagram reached the destination, the datagram will be deleted and will generate an error ICMP (11 - Time Exceeded) which will be replayed. The TTL field purpose is to avoid the situation when an undelivered datagram move on the Internet.
TTL reply is the value show as a response after executing the ping command. To find out the personal TTL use the ping localhost command. For the computers who has older Windows versions the result will be 32, and for the others it will be 128.
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